Orthography
Contents
Orthography¶
In this article, we describe the orthography of “Tâi-uân lô-má-jī”. Three variants will be included.
TL(o͘/ⁿ) variant.
TL(oo/nn) variant.
POJ (with Tiuⁿ,Jū-hông’s extension).
Alphabet¶
TL(o͘/ⁿ)¶
A |
Aᴺ |
B |
E |
Eᴺ |
G |
H |
I |
Iᴺ |
J |
K |
KH |
L |
M |
N |
NG |
O |
O͘ |
Oᴺ |
P |
PH |
S |
T |
TH |
TS |
TSH |
U |
Uᴺ |
ER |
IR |
EE |
a |
aⁿ |
b |
e |
eⁿ |
g |
h |
i |
iⁿ |
j |
k |
kh |
l |
m |
n |
ng |
o |
o͘ |
oⁿ |
p |
ph |
s |
t |
th |
ts |
tsh |
u |
uⁿ |
er |
ir |
ee |
POJ¶
Note:
?Hyphen is included as one of the alphabet.
?Multigraphs are treated as sequences with regard to the rules of capitalization:
ALL CAPS: TSHU.
First word of a sentence: Tshu.
：er發音為[ǝ] ir發音為[ɨ] ee發音為[ԑ] ere
Diacritics¶
Taiwanese makes use of five diacritics: the acute accent, grave, circumflex accent, macron, vertical line above.
A |
E |
|
acute |
Á |
É |
| ^Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)^^^^^^^^Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)^^^^^^^^ | |A|E|I|O|O͘|U|M|NG|a|e|i|o|o͘|u|m|ng| | acute |Á|É|Í|Ó|Ó͘|Ú|Ḿ|ŃG|á|é|í|ó|ó͘|ú|ḿ|ńg| | grave |À|È|Ì|Ò|Ò͘|Ù|M̀|ǸG|á|é|í|ó|ó͘|ú|ḿ|ńg| | circumflex |Â|Ê|Î|Ô|Ô͘|Û|M̂|N̂G|â|ê|î|ô|ô͘|û|m̂|n̂g| | caron |Ǎ|Ě|Ǐ|Ǒ|Ǒ͘|Ǔ|M̌|ŇG|ǎ|ě|ǐ|ǒ|ǒ͘|ǔ|m̌|ňg| | macron |Ā|Ē|Ī|Ō|Ō͘|Ū|M̄|N̄G|ā|ē|ī|ō|ō͘|ū|m̄|n̄g| | vertical line above |A̍|E̍|I̍|O̍|O̍͘|U̍|M̍|N̍G|a̍|e̍|i̍|o̍|o̍͘|u̍|m̍|n̍g| | double accute |A̋|E̋|I̋|Ő|Ő͘|I̋|M̋|N̋G|a̋|e̋|i̋|ő|ő͘|ű|m̋|n̋g|
They are used to denote the tone as follows:
^ 陰 ^^^^ 陽 ^^^^ ^ 平 ^ 上 ^ 去 ^ 入促，入入 ^ 平 ^ 上 ^ 去 ^ 入促，入入 ^ ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ | | acute | grave | | circumflex | caron | macron | vertical line above | double accute | | | fs:x-largeˊ | fs:x-largeˋ | fs:x-largeˇ | fs:x-largeˆ | | fs:x-largeˉ | fs:x-largeˈ | fs:x-large˶ |
促聲[tshik-siann] (-h)
入聲[ji̍p-siann] (-p,-t,-k)
===== Consonants ===== ^ blah | p | ph | b | m | t | th | n | l | k | kh | g | ng |h | ts | tsh | s | j | ^ Word-Initial (IPA) | [p] | [pʰ] | [b] | [m] | [t] | [tʰ] | [n] | [l] | [k] | [kʰ] | [g] | [ŋ] | [h] | [ʨ] | [ʦ] | [s] | [ʣ] |
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